Abstract. Our goal in this review is to provide an anatomical framework for the analysis of the motor functions of the medial wall of the hemisphere in humans and laboratory …

Ray M. Chu, Keith L. Black, in Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques (Sixth Edition), 2012 Supplementary Motor Area. The supplementary motor area (SMA) occupies the posterior one third of the superior frontal gyrus and is responsible for planning of complex movements of contralateral extremities but ipsilateral planning to a small …

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is thought to play a key role in initiation and control of motor and speech functions (1, 2) Injury to the SMA during surgical excision of medial frontal lobe lesions may also result in severe motor or speech deficits (3–5).These deficits are transient and most patients fully recover from SMA injuries.

The SMA is located posteriorly on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus (sometimes referred ... The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in …

It is widely accepted that semiologic and electrical patterns of frontal lobe seizures are difficult to characterize, and liable to be misleading in predicting localization of seizure onset, especially those arising from anterior frontal regions (see O'Muircheartaigh & Richardson, 47 for review).

The supplementary motor area (SMA), located in the medial frontal cortex, delimits the motor from the prefrontal cortical areas and is critical for linking cognition to action in normal...

OBJECTIVE Supplementary motor area (SMA) epilepsy is a well-known clinical condition; however, long-term surgical outcome reports are scarce and correspond to small series or isolated case reports. The aim of this study is to present the surgical results of SMA epilepsy patients treated at 2 reference centers in Mexico City.

Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a well-known complication of medial frontal lobe surgery. The 'localizationist' view posits that damage to the posteromedial bank of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is the basis of SMA syndrome. However, surgical experience within the frontal lobe suggests that this is not entirely true.

Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare genetic condition that limits muscle development and causes weakness. Treatments are available, including targeted therapies that address the underlying cause of...

In two (50%) of the four patients with lesions overlapping the left frontal SMA, functional MR imaging activation for the right hand motor task predominated in the right SMA ( Fig 5 ). In all three patients () with right frontal lesions overlapping the SMA, activation for the left hand motor task predominated in the left SMA ( Fig 6 ).

SUMMARY: Functional MR imaging is being performed with increasing frequency in the typical neuroradiology practice; however, many readers of these studies have only a limited knowledge of the functional anatomy of the brain. This text will delineate the locations, anatomic boundaries, and functions of the cortical regions of the brain most ...

The SMA happens to be a preferential site of different neurological disorders and abnormalities-most frequently tumors (especially low-grade gliomas; Duffau and Capelle, 2004) and epileptic foci...

The frontopolar cortex is located at the frontal pole of each frontal lobe, and is comprised of three roughly horizontal gyri: superior, middle and inferior frontopolar gyri. It contains Brodmann area 10, which is thought to contribute to many aspects of cognition 1,2. Despite many studies related to this cortical area, its fundamental function ...

The Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)—located in the superior and medial aspects of the superior frontal gyrus—is a preferential site of certain brain tumors and arteriovenous malformations ...

Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is characterised by transient disturbance in volitional movement and speech production which classically occurs after injury to the medial premotor area. We present two cases of SMA syndrome following isolated surgical injury to the frontal aslant tract (FAT) with the SMA intact.

The supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a characteristic neurosurgical syndrome that can occur after unilateral resection of the SMA. Clinical symptoms may vary from none to a global akinesia, predominantly on the contralateral side, with preserved muscle strength and mutism.

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is thought to play a key role in initiation and control of motor and speech functions ( 1, 2) Injury to the SMA during surgical excision of medial frontal lobe lesions may also result in severe motor or speech deficits ( 3 – 5 ). These deficits are transient and most patients fully recover from SMA injuries.

The context, i.e., switching or staying with the current task, influenced medial frontal cortical activation; the medial frontal cortex is transiently activated at the time that subjects switch from one way of performing a task to another. Two types of task-set-switching paradigms were investigated.

The SMA was first described in the cortex of the medial wall of the frontal lobe of humans more than 50 years ago. In monkeys, SMA extends onto the dorsal surface of the medial frontal lobe just rostral to M1 and medial to PMD ( ). The area is also known as the medial premotor cortex (MPC).

The SMA was first described in the cortex of the medial wall of the frontal lobe of humans more than 50 years ago. In monkeys, SMA extends onto the dorsal surface of the medial …

To characterize the development of SMA syndrome and to analyze seizure outcomes after surgery in the medial frontal lobe for medically intractable epilepsy. Methods: The progression of neurological impairment and seizure outcome after surgery was recorded, and the extent of cortex resected was analyzed. Results:

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is an eloquent region that is frequently a site for glioma, or the region is included in the resection trajectory to deeper lesions. Although the clinical relevance of SMA syndrome has been well described, it is still difficult to predict who will become symptomatic.

PMID: 12220691 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x (02)00199-5 Abstract Purpose: To clarify the relationship between epileptogenic zone and supplementary motor area (SMA) in patients who were regarded as the optimal surgical candidates for …

Purpose: The superior frontal sulcus (SFS), located in the prefrontal and premotor cortex, is considered as one of the common locations of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, the characteristics of seizures arising from this area are incompletely known.

Comparison between the test condition and the control condition revealed four brain areas specifically related to learning: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the precuneus, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS).

Primate frontal lobes are characterized by strong cortico-cortical connections from lateral prefrontal cortex to pre-SMA, SMA, and anterior cingulate cortex (Barbas & Pandya, 8; Bates & Goldman-Rakic, 12; Devinsky et al., 23; Morecraft & Tanji, 44). It seems likely that, even in dorsolateral or ventrolateral prefrontal seizures, …

The SMA complex is a significant anatomical area that is defined by its functions and its connections. The resection and damage of this region causes significant clinical deficits known as the SMA syndrome. The SMA syndrome is an important clinical condition that is particularly observed in frontal glioma cases that contain the SMA …

Both the relative increase of signal intensity and the number of activated pixels within the four areas showed significant changes across the learning stages, with different time courses. The two frontal areas, DLPFC and pre-SMA, were activated in the earlier stages of learning, whereas the two parietal areas, precuneus and IPS, were activated ...

We tested the hypothesis that in some patients with lesions affecting the SMA, the contralateral SMA exhibits some of the activation normally associated with the …

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is thought to play a key role in initiation and control of motor and speech functions (1, 2) Injury to the SMA during surgical excision of medial …